45 Carbon Steel Block Supplier | S45C vs C45 Equivalent, Custom Cut-to-Size, Machinability Report

45# carbon steel block common correspond S45C and C45, carbon content about 0.42%-0.50%, tensile strength ≥600MPa.

Support according to drawing cut, tolerance ±0.1mm, saw cut or flame cut after need normalizing treatment.

Cutting suggest rotational speed 800-1200rpm, feed 0.2mm/r, cooperate emulsion cooling can lift tool life about 30%.

S45C vs C45 Equivalent

Chemical composition comparison

Take lab report look, C45 and S45C's carbon content all at 0.42% to 0.45% nearby wander. Occasionally have batch number's carbon content run to 0.49%, this in Europe C45 standard inside count qualified pass. According to Japan S45C standard, upper limit stuck at 0.48%, this batch material then must return goods. Extra out this 0.01%'s carbon, put into 840 degree salt bath furnace quench, hardness directly top to HRC 58, compared to regular material high out 3 Rockwell hardness.

S45C require manganese at 0.60% to 0.90% between, C45 relax to 0.50% to 0.80%. Take 50 millimeter thick's round bar do high frequency quench, 0.85% high manganese's S45C hardened layer deep reach 3.5 millimeter. 0.52% low manganese's C45, quenched hard layer not arrive 2.8 millimeter, center position soft to even HRC 22 all not arrive.

C45 allow retain have 0.40%'s chromium and nickel, S45C take this line dead dead press at 0.20% inside. Large scale component at air inside natural cooling time, 0.40%'s chromium will let steel material structure more fine dense. S45C impurity little, machine tool open to 2500 revolutions cut, surface roughness meter hit out's reading is extremely smooth's 1.6 micron.

C45's sulfur upper limit tolerant to 0.050%, extra out's sulfur at lathe on extremely easy break chip, drop fall's iron chip all are short C type. S45C's sulfur limit at 0.030% inside, less le manganese sulfide lubricate, workshop every day extra waste two handles blade. Do transverse impact test time, S45C's anti-fracture energy solid hit solid high out 4 joules.

S45C explicit stipulate silicon must at 0.15% to 0.35% between, deoxidize effect stable. C45 only require not exceed 0.40%, specific add how much all look steel factory master's habit. Take 0.48% carbon and 0.85% manganese calculate carbon equivalent, S45C can arrive 0.62%, take carbon dioxide welding gun repair mold before, must use fire roast to 250 degree preheat prevent crack.

C45 not have stuck dead copper content, contain have 0.35% copper's material also can leave factory, send to 1050 degree's forging machine on one smash, edge corner extremely easy crack open. S45C force take copper press at 0.30% below, smash flat 60% surface still flat neat. Two families towards phosphorus all require lower than 0.030%, once exceed standard to 0.038%, zero below 20 degree lift heavy object extremely easy happen brittle fracture.

Mechanical performance

Tensile test machine jaw tightly bite hold one root diameter 20 millimeter's smooth round test sample. Follow with hydraulic pump continuous add pressure, test dial on's pulling force pointer slow and firm ground climb up. Not undergo any heat treatment's leave factory hot roll state C45 steel, be pulled break that one moment's tensile strength reading stable fall at 580 to 620 MPa between. Same equal test environment under's S45C test sample, fracture instant's peak value data often stop at 600 MPa up down, two both show out surprising consistent's anti-pull foundation.

Take this two roots test sample throw enter 850 degree's electric furnace inside normalize keep warm 40 minutes, take out come throw at workshop aisle's cement ground on blow wind cool. Cool after's metallographic grain degree all reach le fine dense's 7 to 8 level, yield strength pair pair cross over 340 MPa's passing line. At bear 2 tons heavy object's static load hang actual test inside, long reach 3 meter's test pull rod not have appear greater than 0.2 millimeter's permanent plastic elongate.

Factory quality check department every day want knock break several tens roots standard test block come lab test impact work. Charpy V type notch pendulum use 5.2 meter per second's initial speed ruthlessly smash down go.

· 10×10×55 millimeter's standard C45 test block, normal temperature under absorb's impact energy at 35 joules left right.

· S45C's transverse take sample knock strike test, pendulum pointer mostly point at 39 joules's scale position.

· Take room temperature drop to zero below 10 degree, two both's fracture mouth all appear le exceed 60%'s crystal shape brittle fracture surface.

· Undergo pass 550 degree high temperature temper's quench temper piece, anti-impact work pair pair double cross over le 70 joules big gate.

Desktop Brinell hardness meter's 10 millimeter tungsten steel ball, heavy heavy press at anneal state's cutting material head on. Bring have 0.040% high sulfur's Europe C45, measure out indent diameter calculate out's hardness value only have 167 HB. Contain sulfur amount be strict stuck at 0.020%'s Japan S45C, same kind anneal condition under's hardness test out come is 185 HB.

Take surface hardness lift up go must rely water quench. 830 degree heat after throw enter 20 degree flow tap water pool inside, cool thorough after scoop out grind. Rockwell hardness meter's diamond press head press down go, surface reading clear one color soar to HRC 55 above. Take go wire cut machine on one split into two, measure tool stuck out's C45 hardened layer depth normal often compare S45C shallow le zero point three millimeter.

Reducer machine inside's transmit gear want carry hold every minute 3000 revolutions's continuous bite match. Gear face bear's instant contact stress high reach 800 MPa.

· Surface high frequency induction quench after, gear top hardness reach HRC 52, anti-wear tear life double le 4 times.

· Gear root part retain le HRC 25 left right's soft matrix hardness, prevent hard hit hard happen break gear.

· At 10 million times cycle fatigue test bench on, S45C's crack sprout time late le 20 individual hours.

· C45 cooperate 0.5 millimeter's reasonable round corner transition, same kind safe sound support pass le 200 hours's limit torque test.

Oil quench add on 600 degree temper's quench temper treatment, take original rough big's pearlite turn become le strong tough's tempered sorbite. Yield strength one road pull lift to 490 MPa, original first tensile test sample on meat eye can see's yield platform thorough disappear. Workshop worker swing up 12 pound's big hammer fierce smash quench temper after's 50 millimeter square block, only hear see clear crisp's metal echo, complete smash not out concave sink pit mark.

Turn cut finish's S45C smooth shaft put to precision V type iron on, dial indicator hit one circle down come's jump moving amount merely only have 0.01 millimeter. Give one root long 800 millimeter's C45 lead screw apply 50 Newton meters's twist force, withdraw go outside force after its back bounce angle divide hair not bad ground fall into 0.5 degree error range. Two both's elastic modulus extremely stable ground maintain at 210 GPa.

Meet to big cross section's mold bottom plate, thickness exceed le 100 millimeter. Flame cut machine just just cut down heavy reach 200 kilograms's emit red material block.

· Close near cut edge 30 millimeter's receive heat area, hardness steep increase to le 300 HB.

· Plate material center position's tensile strength drop to le 520 MPa, inside part cooling too slow lead to strength flow lose.

· Ultrasonic flaw detect instrument sweep pass S45C inside part, reflect back wave clean no mixed wave, not have greater than 2 millimeter's loose defect.

· Europe drawing purchase's C45, ultrasonic flaw detect level normal rule require reach SEP 1921's D/d level standard.

Original diameter 20 millimeter's S45C test sample, pull break place neck most thin's place diameter shrink to le 14.5 millimeter, shrink rate calculate down come reach le 45%. Same furnace batch's C45 cut sample test out come's data at 42% to 46% between come back shake move, plastic deform allowance extremely abundant.

CNC Machine process

Lathe chuck tight tight bite hold one piece 150 millimeter see square's C45 blank material. Main shaft rotate speed dial to 800 revolutions every minute, knife frame on assemble good CVD coat layer's hard alloy blade. Rough turn eat knife depth one mouth breath push to 4 millimeter, feed amount set as 0.25 millimeter every revolution. Cool liquid spray nozzle face towards cut high temperature area fierce rush, operate desk screen on's main shaft load instant jump to 65%.

Change on same kind outside shape size's S45C steel block repeat just now's cut cut move make. S45C's sulfur content be press at 0.030% below, cut down's iron chip at blade's break chip groove inside wind le full full three circles just be hard live live fold break.

Drop at discharge chip machine caterpillar band on's C45 iron chip big part is regular's 6 word type, length base straight not exceed 20 millimeter. S45C produce's iron chip often often drag with 150 millimeter long's tail, time not time wrap wind at rotate's knife frame on need human work clear reason.

Continuous do le 4 individual hours's rough turn work, master take blade unload down come put to microscope under test rear knife face wear lose. Cut C45's blade rear angle wear lose amount stay stop at 0.15 millimeter. Always straight cut S45C's that handle same model number blade, wear lose depth already force near 0.22 millimeter. Less le several points micro amount element's lubricate, knife tip carry receive's friction temperature solid hit solid high out le about 40 degree.

Dragon gate mill machine change on diameter 125 millimeter's six edge face mill knife disk. Mill cut anneal state's C45 big plate, cut speed fix at 180 meter every minute. Every tooth feed amount push to 0.12 millimeter, cut deep set fix as 2.5 millimeter.

Machine tool push force sensor record down two batches same spec material's mill cut feedback data.

· Mill cut C45 time, work table X axis's push force sensor reading at 1200 Newtons up down float move.

· Change on S45C, push force reading merely micro rise to 1230 Newtons.

· Continuous walk knife mill cut finish 4000 square centimeter's area, two both's flat neat degree error all not cross over 0.02 millimeter's red line.

Enter fine process work sequence, cut allowance only leave 0.3 millimeter. Knife disk change on PVD coat layer's metal ceramic blade, rotate speed pull high to 1500 revolutions. Process finish complete use hand hold type roughness meter stick with work piece surface slide pass go. C45 test out come's Ra value is 1.6 micron, S45C's surface reading jump to le more smooth's 1.2 micron.

Take diameter 30 millimeter's U drill at solid heart steel block on hit through hole. Inner cool center out water pressure open to 20 kilogram, rotate speed give to 1200 revolutions. Drill head use every minute 150 millimeter's speed towards down prick. Meet to contain manganese amount reach 0.85%'s S45C, main shaft motor send out le slight bring hoarse's over load sound, pierce through 80 millimeter steel plate's drill hole consume time compare C45 whole whole slow le 12 seconds.

Bump to deep diameter ratio exceed 10 times's deep hole process, contain sulfur amount 0.045%'s C45 become le operate worker's most love. Gun drill use 3000 revolutions's high speed rush enter, short break's iron chip follow with V type discharge chip groove smooth unhindered gush out, hair no block hinder.

Change become extreme low impurity's S45C hit deep hole, drill head down probe to 150 millimeter deep place time, fine long iron chip discharge empty not smooth lead to torque rapid rise. Operate member only can hand move intervene, every drill enter 30 millimeter then must retreat knife discharge chip one time. Attack thread work sequence's experience complete pour le pass come. Thread tap at bottom hole inside attack M12's thread, 200 revolutions's speed spin enter steel block.

S45C pure clean's iron carbon matrix provide le extreme good's plastic nature, squeeze out come's thread tooth type full plump, go stop gauge spin enter hair no stuck pause. C45 material inside occasionally mix enter's 0.40% silicon element, let bottom hole surface slight micro emit hard, thread tap's serve duty life normal often will less hit 50 individual holes. Flat face grind machine's sand wheel use 2800 revolutions's high speed wipe pass quench after's work piece surface.

Every time feed 0.005 millimeter's micro small cut deep, fire flower present out orange red color's pen straight flow line. Surface hardness reach HRC 50's S45C, grind machine sand wheel's fix correct frequency is every process 15 pieces fix neat one time. C45 surface occasionally will remain stay extreme micro small's carbon distribute not even soft point, sand wheel micro hole be iron chip block stuff's speed fast le big approximate 10%.

Cut drop le one big half volume's different shape piece, inside part stress hair no keep remain ground release out come. One root long 400 millimeter's C45 guide rail, rough process finish put at marble platform on quiet place 24 hours, two heads towards up tilt up le 0.15 millimeter. Undergo pass 500 degree go stress anneal's S45C, same kind's room temperature put place condition under, dial indicator hit out come's deform amount dead dead control at 0.03 millimeter inside.

Machine tool water tank inside's cut liquid concentration constant year maintain at 8%. Float white's cut liquid follow with knife frame flow run, bring go high reach 700 degree's cut heat. Process C45 time, cut liquid surface's micro small float oil slight show dense collect. Pure clean degree extreme high's S45C cut finish, water tank bottom part remain stay's fine small iron mud less le 20%, filter paper's change swap cycle hard is drag long le two days.

Custom Cut-to-Size

Material use rate

One sheet 100 millimeter thick, 2000mm×6000mm's S45C hot roll steel plate just out factory, total weight can reach 9.42 tons. Buy back workshop self cut 320mm×450mm's mold plate, old master rely experience draw line most many scoop out 68 pieces blank. Left down 120mm to 180mm wide's edge corner material add rise come exceed 1.6 tons. Waste iron back collect price only have new steel material's four tenths, cut this one sheet plate light material fold lose then high reach 2800 pieces money.

Change become computer arrange edition do custom fix down material, same kind one sheet steel plate can cut out 75 pieces. Computer calculate get compare human brain fine detailed, can take edge edge corner corner's crack gap all completely use on.

· Edge edge's safe distance shrink narrow to 15mm

· Saw strip cut seam loss stable control at 2.2mm

· Rectangle block cross stagger put not leave ladder shape waste edge

· Different shape piece common use one strip cut line

Buy steel material's person now only need to scoop 8.42 tons's money, also just is that 75 pieces finish product blank's net weight. 0.9 tons cut seam loss and break iron block all belong supply merchant calculate. Take double pillar saw machine on's 1.6mm thick M42 saw strip come say, every cut one knife will grind drop 2.5mm's iron chip. Cut 100 pieces 50mm thick's flange disk, 99 knifes down go, 247.5mm's steel material then turn become powder le, equal to white throw le one whole piece material.

Machine auto feed material can take cut length's error stuck at 0.1mm up down. One root 6 meter long, 100mm×200mm's square shape steel strip, cut drop head tail's not flat neat part, steady proper can produce out 29 pieces blank. Material use rate can do to 97.8%.

Not light is long wide direction, steel block thickness on how leave allowance, relate with you most back want pay how much money. If is cooperate face's roughness require reach Ra3.2, send goods's blank then will according to down face this several items detail add on several millimeter.

· Single face black skin leave 1.5mm give machine tool mill cut

· Two faces parallel degree compensate add on 0.8mm

· Up big scale water grind machine extra give 2.0mm install clamp position

· Heat treatment prevent deform reverse direction extra leave 1.2mm

Before front big family fear cut bad, habit up down left right all extra leave 5mm even to 10mm's edge. One piece drawing on only have 45 kilograms's part, buy back come's iron lump normal often heavy reach 62 kilograms. Extra spend money buy back come's 17 kilograms all at self home's CNC machine tool on grind turn become le iron chip, extra waste le 45 minutes electricity money and human work. Rely with long term gather accumulate's allowance data, hand to hand inside's blank be exact准 press to le 48.5 kilograms inside.

At one sheet 2500mm wide's C45 special thick plate on arrange good big piece after, soft piece will take 5 to 15 kilograms's small slide block blank, all stuff enter big piece middle empty out's place. Up individual month hand goods's 12 pieces car stamp press mold base seat, hard take use rate from 78% pull to le 89.6%. Single this one individual order slip then save le 4.3 tons original material, long three angle this side's pass road transport fee less scoop le 860 pieces money.

Cold cut craft art

45# steel contain carbon amount stuck at 0.42% to 0.48%'s area space, take flame or equal ion go burn, cut mouth place several seconds clock then will soar rise to 800 degree above. High temperature retreat go after edge edge will form complete one layer 2 to 3 millimeter thick's quench hardened layer, surface hardness can run to HRC50.

Workshop inside cut thick plate use's is double pillar lie style band saw machine, main motor power normal often at 7.5 kilowatts up down. One strip wide 54 millimeter, thick 1.6 millimeter's M42 double metal band saw strip sleeve at two individual huge big's fly wheel on. Cut 150 millimeter thick's S45C square block time, worker will take saw strip line speed adjust to every minute 35 meter. Saw tooth bite enter steel plate inside part, every minute cut feed amount control at 12 to 15 millimeter between.

Spray nozzle flow speed open to every minute 40 liters, water flow follow with saw strip cut seam pour enter go, take cut area's temperature dead dead press at 80℃ below. Cut down come's iron chip not emit blue emit purple, present out original root's silver gray color.

Machine on's hydraulic expand tight install set give saw strip apply add le 300 Newtons/square millimeter's pull force, prevent cut out come's face like wave wave one same crooked skew.

· Double row tungsten carbide guide point block take saw strip swing move width limit limit at 0.05 millimeter inside

· Feed oil cylinder pressure stable at 2.5 MPa protect verify cut force degree even uniform

· Hard nature alloy tooth shape according to 3/4 TPI change tooth pitch arrange row hit break cut chip

· Nylon remove chip brush every minute turn 300 circles clear logic saw tooth groove trough inside's iron powder

· Cut liquid concentration use fold light instrument every day measure measure maintain at 8% to 10%

Use high degree ruler go measure one piece long wide each 500 millimeter's cut block, diagonal line high low difference normal often not exceed 1.5 millimeter. Process center operate worker take to plate, bottom face slight micro pad several sheets copper skin then can steady steady suck at electro magnet suck disk on. Rough mill first knife set individual 2 millimeter's eat knife amount, immediately then can take whole individual face do out pretty beautiful's metal light gloss.

Part divide guest household in order to snatch work period thick plate map fast use gas cut, knot fruit not only burst le three handles several hundred pieces's mill blade, most back still must up grind machine one point point take harden layer grind drop. Cold cut at saw machine on extra spend le 20 minutes, yet give back face's CNC machine tool save down le big half day's toss turn time. Factory inside two machines big scale dragon gate saw machine 24 hours connect shaft turn, saw strip every individual month want consume drop 120 extra roots.

Cut 30 millimeter's thin plate, tooth pitch want dense one point change on 5/8 TPI prevent stuck tooth. Meet to 300 millimeter's special big thick block, must change become 2/3 TPI's big tooth pitch. Iron chip all block at saw trough inside discharge not out come, several minutes then can take one root one thousand extra pieces money's saw strip raw raw hold break.

Water temperature exceed 35 degree cooling effect will big hit fold deduct, saw tooth point end's titanium aluminum coat layer at high temperature under support not pass two hours. Winter day room temperature low than 5 degree still must give hydraulic oil tank add temperature preheat. Oil liquid stick thick will lead to feed speed sudden fast sudden slow, cut out come's end face will extra out several paths deep reach 0.8 millimeter's connect knife mark.

Carbon steel inside's non metal mix hold object towards band saw strip also is one big test verify. Saw strip cut to manganese sulfide or else silicate gather collect's area, block force instant increase big, motor electric current meter will fierce ground jump to 15 amperes above. Operate member ear inside hear to pierce ear's sharp whistle sound, half second clock inside then want take feed speed drop to every minute 8 millimeter.

Cut down come's every one piece blank, grade check member all will take caliper at four individual corners each measure one time thickness. Only want diagonal size tolerance run out +2.0mm/-0mm's circle, material piece then will be buttoned at quality check desk repeat new up big water grind fix flat. Send up goods car's carbon steel module block, end face not have any burn char's oxidize skin. Hang at edge edge's hair thorn all use angle grind machine suffer individual hit grind pass, protect verify unload goods worker move transport time not scratch hand.

Big thickness allowance control

Exceed 150 millimeter thick's 45# carbon steel plate, double pillar saw machine's band saw strip enter knife extreme easy happen physics slant skew. Workshop will change use multi head number control flame cut machine down material. Propane mix match high pressure oxygen ignite burn, cut mouth spray out's flame center temperature instant soar rise to 1200 degree above.

High temperature take thick steel plate slow slow melt through, liquid state iron water follow with 2 millimeter wide's cut seam towards down drip. Take one piece 300 millimeter thick's S45C square block come look, heat amount towards cut mouth two sides rapid fast pass lead. From cut edge edge towards inside count 3 to 5 millimeter's vertical deep area, metal inside part metallographic structure whole part be high temperature roast change shape.

Cut mouth model number stuck dead, walk knife speed set fix complete finish, this layer roast char's harden layer thickness then complete whole fix fix le.

Original root hardness only have HB 200's normal ordinary middle carbon steel, be flame singe pass's place hardness top to HRC 45. Worker not lift front take this layer waste shell plane drop, install up go's alloy knife disk turn not le ten minutes then burst mouth start fire.

Drawing on long wide each 400 millimeter's part, computer arrange edition soft piece take flame cut's cut line force system towards outside move. Aim towards 200 millimeter thick's module block, four round edge line thunder hit not move each put out 5 millimeter's process allowance.

· 150 to 200 millimeter plate thick single edge pre leave 5.0 millimeter

· 210 to 300 millimeter plate thick single edge pre leave 8.0 millimeter

· 310 to 400 millimeter plate thick single edge pre leave 12.0 millimeter

· Oxygen meter pressure maintain 0.5 to 0.7 MPa prevent cut face hang slag

Four edges each extra leave 5 millimeter, one piece 300 millimeter thick's square material rely empty heavy out 14 kilograms. This 14 kilograms all turn become iron chip, again match enter go CNC process center half hour's mill cut human work fee.

Steel plate more thick, cut mouth walk get more slow, heat amount towards inside seep pass more deep. Cut thickness 400 millimeter's special thick plate, cut machine crawl walk speed drop to every minute 80 millimeter. Bottom part's flame gas flow drag tail reach to 15 degree angle, cut out come's end face bring have obvious's slant slope mouth.

Up face vernier caliper measure out 410 millimeter, turn to bottom down face shrink become 402 millimeter. Number control program member must take this individual slope mouth error calculate enter allowance data inside. They at drawing size outside add on 12 millimeter's safe border limit, protect verify up big water grind time bottom part's material enough pull grind flat.

Buy family order do one piece 700 millimeter long, 500 millimeter wide's punch machine pad plate, plate thick fix at 250 millimeter. Four edges each leave 8 millimeter's mill grind allowance, whole piece material send goods weight is 715 kilograms. According to old method four edges put 15 millimeter blind eye down knife, weight stand instant soar to 742 kilograms.

Steel material merchant ground on's waste material basket inside pack full cut down come's thick plate edge corner material, every day early morning by heavy truck pull go smelt steel furnace return furnace.

One whole piece heavy reach 1.5 tons's mold bottom plate, from 400 degree cooling to normal temperature 20 degree, length shrink water approach near 2.5 millimeter. Not calculate exact shrink rate's machine process factory, cut out come's blank cool thorough after become le size not reach standard's waste product.

We workshop's down material machine head on install have electric capacity adjust high feel respond ring, leave steel plate surface forever keep retain fix fix's 8 millimeter distance. Cut bed bottom down's pull wind machine open to every hour 15000 cubic meter wind amount, take pierce nose smoke dust connect bring big amount heat gas pull go.

Force system physics drop temperature can take heat influence area towards inside shrink shrink 1 to 2 millimeter. Workshop quality check member wait steel block temperature drop down come, take ultrasonic wave measure thick instrument stick at face on sweep one circle. Exact verify four individual faces's allowance all steady steady stuck at tolerance band inside, this piece iron lump just by fork car send enter wait send goods store house.

· Cut mouth vertical degree every shift school exact error not exceed 0.5 degree

· Pre heat flame length adjust control at 40 to 50 millimeter between

· Shrink shrink compensate coefficient according to 0.012mm/m·℃ input enter system

Winter day room temperature drop to zero below 5 degree, 500 millimeter thick's special thick plate cold get like ice block. 1200 degree's flame throw up go, huge big's temperature difference will take steel plate inside part tear out micro crack mark. Do work before worker take big number roast gun surround with cut line walk two circles, take surface temperature bake to 150 degree up down pre heat.

Send towards machine process factory's every one piece thick material, face on all take white color mark pen write on actual test's net size. Operate worker look arrive mark with's 416mm×416mm, heart inside complete whole have bottom. Up machine tool two sides each eat enter go 8 millimeter, exact good take burn hard's waste skin complete whole peel clean net, expose out inside face clean clean net net's 45# steel original tire.

Machinability Report

Process method

One table 15 kilowatts main shaft motor's number control lathe on, clamp with one root not quench fire's round steel. Install up CVD coat layer hard alloy blade, main shaft dial to every minute 1200 revolutions. Eat knife depth push to 4.5 millimeter, walk knife speed fix at every revolution 0.25 millimeter.

Lathe's tail seat top needle dead dead top hold material's another one head. Hydraulic chuck's clamp tight force set to 2.5 MPa, avoid get cut force too big take piece throw fly. Drop down come's iron roll is bright silver color's, bend become pour 6's shape form. Red outside measure temperature gun sweep pass go, knife tip that inside big approximate have 650 to 700 degree.

Knife head receive to's cut force at 1800 Newtons up down float move. Machine tool screen on's load meter pointer one straight stop at 45%'s position not move. Do le big approximate 40 minutes, process finish 65 roots diameter 50 millimeter, long 200 millimeter's short shaft.

Side face will have one strip 0.15 millimeter wide's wear lose trace mark. Not arrive 0.3 millimeter's change knife line, connect with do several tens pieces no question. Change become hardness HRC28's quench temper material, just that set data then walk not through le. Main shaft rotate speed must press to 800 revolutions, walk knife amount minus small to 0.15 millimeter.

Iron chip all turn become le purple black color. High pressure inside cool cut liquid must open to 20 bar rush up go drop temperature, not so knife tip support not pass 15 minutes.

· Rough process choose 80 degree diamond shape blade

· Fine turn change become 35 degree diamond shape blade

· Must match double face break chip groove

· Knife head bottom down pad hard alloy piece prevent shock

Stand style process center on, install one handle 63 millimeter's six edge face mill knife. Just at cut one piece 300 multiply 200 multiply 50 millimeter's steel plate. Line speed set at every minute 180 meter, every individual knife tooth eat knife 0.12 millimeter. One minute can gnaw drop 120 cubic centimeter's iron chip.

Every time cut change direction's time wait, machine tool servo motor electric current will instant soar to 20 amperes. Operate desk on's shock move feel follow with ground foot screw bolt pass to workshop's cement ground on. Mill out come's surface leave down one path path fish scale mark. Roughness meter stick up go measure, number value stable at 1.2 to 1.6 micron.

Bump to material edge on bring have good many pre advance hit good's holes. Cross replace hit strike under, PVD coat layer blade life from 90 minutes drop to 45 minutes. Old machine tool worker all use along mill, knife turn's direction with material walk's direction one straight. Just bite enter go that down iron chip most thick, can have 0.15 millimeter, cut out time turn become 0.

Heat amount follow with break chip all bring go le. Change become reverse mill, blade life will short 30%.

· Water dissolve cut liquid concentration mix to 8%

· Blow gas pressure must exceed 0.6 MPa

· Mill flat face use 45 degree main slant angle knife disk

· Knife disk want cover hold material width's 70%

One handle 10 millimeter's alloy inside cool drill, want hit 50 millimeter deep's blind hole. Rotate speed do to 2500 revolutions, towards down feed every minute 250 millimeter. Main shaft output torque rush to le 12 Newton·meters.

High pressure water from drill head point on two individual 0.8 millimeter's holes spray out come discharge chip. Use normal ordinary's white steel drill head, parameter all must hit fold. Rotate speed drop to 600 revolutions, machine tool program inside add on peck drill code. Every hit deep 5 millimeter retreat knife 3 millimeter take wrap wind's iron wire throw out come.

Attack M10 multiply 1.5's through hole thread, bottom hole must control at 8.5 millimeter, error positive negative 0.05 millimeter inside. Thread tap every minute 300 revolutions cut enter go, torque at 4 Newton·meters up down. Smear on contain sulfur attack thread oil, process out come's thread again bright again slide.

Go stop gauge twist one twist, qualify rate can have 98%. Meet to hole deep's high temperature shape condition, several seconds clock then can burn blue scrap waste one individual thread tap.

· Thread tap bottom hole allowance leave thread pitch's 105%

· Attack thread use contain cobalt high speed steel material nature

· Deep hole match 30 bar high pressure water pump

· Cycle retreat knife amount fix fix at 1.5 millimeter

Size tolerance want stuck enter 0.01 millimeter, all rely outside round grind machine collect tail. Rotate speed 1440 revolutions's aluminum oxide sand wheel, every minute walk 20 meter stick up go. One knife only grind drop 0.005 millimeter. Fire flower is one strip strip straight's, dark red color inside bring with one point point burst split's fire star.

Main shaft bearing gap adjust get extreme strict, use dial indicator hit meter jump move not can exceed 0.002 millimeter. Master stand at step plate on, ear one straight listen with sand wheel wipe fire flower send out's special have sizzle sizzle sound. Cut water according to every minute 40 liters's amount pour at sand wheel seam inside.

Water slight micro follow not up, material surface immediately burn out yellow brown color mark, hardness drop 3 to 5 individual HRC. Fix sand wheel's diamond pen every do finish 20 individual pieces walk one knife, every time scrape drop 0.02 millimeter, keep retain surface sand grain sharp.

Heat treatment state

Steel factory pull back come's 45 number steel round bar, absolute big mostly is hot roll out furnace's normal fire state material. Hardness meter hit up go, number value stop stay at 170 to 210HBW between. Workshop master most love do normal fire material, inside part structure is ferrite add pearlite, soft hard just just good. Eat knife anti force maintain at 2000 Newtons every square millimeter up down.

Rough turn one knife down go cut drop 8 millimeter thickness, knife frame one point all not bring shake's. Anneal state's material hardness drop to 150HBW below, trouble connect heel and arrive. Iron chip turn get like mouth scent sugar one same stick knife, discharge chip groove be block get dead dead's. Original root smooth clean degree can do to 1.6 micron, smooth face on all is one path path pull hair's white mark.

Shaft kind piece drawing on mark with quench temper treatment, blank material at 840 degree's furnace inside burn red, rapid fast throw enter water pool or quench oil inside shock cold. Put enter 500 to 600 degree's temper furnace inside roast several individual hours. Take out come hit meter hardness soar rise to HRC28 to 32, inside part structure turn become le tempered sorbite.

Turn knife bump on quench temper material, friction sound bright obvious turn get heavy dull pierce ear. White steel knife thorough bottom do not le hard work, cut line speed exceed every minute 30 meter blade mouth stand horse turn soft. Change on coat layer hard alloy blade, line speed control at 80 to 110 meter every minute. Machine tool's main shaft servo load compare cut normal fire material high out big approximate 30%.

Cut down come's break chip from silver white color turn become le roast blue one same's purple black color. High temperature heat amount pass lead extreme fast, cooling water pump flow amount open to every minute 30 liters fierce rush. Rush work period take feed amount push to every revolution 0.3 millimeter. Not arrive 20 minutes's time, knife tip's bear wear coat layer then be grind through, expose out inside head gray white color's matrix.

Coat layer wear lose speed at high frequency surface quench piece on turn get hair no meaning. Feel respond wire circle sleeve at part outside round on pass electricity add heat, surface 2 to 3 millimeter's depth instant reach HRC50 above. Heart part retain with normal fire state's 200HBW hardness. Normal ordinary turn knife hard top up go, can hear to ka da one sound, knife tip burst drop yellow bean big one piece waste iron.

Bump to partial part quench's hard skin material, only can change on CBN cubic boron nitride blade. CBN knife head extreme its brittle, eat knife depth top many give to 0.1 to 0.2 millimeter. Main shaft rotate speed pull to 1500 revolutions, like grind machine one same hard scrape down come one layer fine break iron powder. Process area space fire flower four splash, press root not have long strip shape's iron chip drop down come.

Measure measure quench temper material's size deform amount all rely hand on's caliper and dial indicator. One root diameter 100 millimeter, long 500 millimeter's round bar, quench enter water shock cold produce heat expand cold shrink and structure respond change, outside round outside expand 0.1 to 0.2 millimeter. Length direction bend curve 0.5 millimeter, up machine tool one turn, two heads shake sway get fierce hurt.

Lathe process not same hardness state's 45 number steel, have one book calculate get clear clear clear clear's account.

· Normal fire state cut remove 1 kilogram iron chip, knife tool wear lose fold match not arrive 8 hair money

· Quench temper state eat drop one mold one same's allowance, knife tool lose consume cost root rise to 2.5 yuan

· High frequency quench after up outside round grind machine, single piece process fee soar rise three times

· Anneal state stick knife lead to waste product rate slant high, return work work time double times

Quench furnace out come's work piece surface cover cover with one layer black blur blur's oxidize skin. That layer thickness big approximate 0.15 millimeter's outside shell hardness extreme high. Turn cut first knife must deep prick enter go, eat knife depth exceed 2 millimeter.

Light light rub at surface peel, blade life shrink short 80%. Part enter high temperature furnace before, want life's sharp angle and thin wall leave full process allowance. Thickness not arrive 3 millimeter's edge edge, quench water one rush stand horse crack open scrap waste. Hole diameter small than 8 millimeter's blind hole, inside face fill full prevent fire mud throw enter furnace temperature 840 degree's furnace chamber.

Bring with prevent crack step measure's part at workshop several tables machine tool between flow turn, work sequence arrange cloth silk hair not can chaos. Buy back come 170HBW's rough rough blank, up lathe take 90%'s waste iron gnaw drop. Leave with single edge 1.5 millimeter's allowance send go heat treatment factory do quench temper. Take back come measure hardness HRC30, up fine turn take left's 1.5 millimeter scrape drop, size exact get out wonder.

Diameter exceed 50 millimeter's solid heart round pillar, water quench cooling time center part position temperature drop get extreme slow. Outside surface skin hardness reach HRC45, cut open take hardness meter measure center part position, number value may can only have HRC22. Process big rough shaft towards inside walk, machine tool's cut force follow it turn small.

Hardness meter's test point choose at surface mill drop two millimeter deep's flat skin on. Rockwell hardness meter's 120 degree diamond round cone press head press up go. Meter dial on's scale pointer shake swing two down, steady steady stop at HRC29's position. Connect with 0.5 millimeter thick's out carbon layer go hit meter, measure out come's number value even HRC20 all not arrive.

Out carbon layer's exist stay let material surface turn get again soft again sticky. Turn knife fierce ground cut up go, light bright's surface float rise one layer rough rough's hemp point. Fast walk wire line cut cut out's seam gap edge edge all is hair rough rough's. Right regular's operate flow process inside, diameter 80 millimeter's blank material, outside round single edge rise horse want peel drop 2 millimeter.

Gear piece require gear face hardness HRC48 to 52, gear root retain keep good good's tough nature. Middle frequency induction add heat machine's purple copper circle sleeve up go, 8000 hertz's electric current sizzle sizzle make sound. Surface rise temperature to 860 degree consume time several seconds clock, spray water ring tight follow with spray out 2 MPa pressure's cooling water. Gear face instant harden, heart part keep retain normal fire state's 190HBW.

Inside hole hand by inside round grind machine one point point rub, main shaft rotate speed high reach every minute 12000 revolutions. Grind head every time feed amount stuck at 0.002 millimeter, cut liquid follow with soft tube not stop rush wash cross border area. Sand wheel surface hang on iron chip, work piece hole wall immediately appear 0.05 millimeter deep's scratch hurt.

Scratch hurt can through pass change sand wheel solve resolve, inside stress is high temperature add heat after remain stay at metal inside head look not see's break bad person. Quench temper finish's long shaft piece not do pass away stress's low temperature anneal, up lathe one cut all turn bend. 500 millimeter long's solid heart shaft, turn finish outside round loose open tail seat top needle, two heads tilt rise 0.3 millimeter. Workshop old master take it push enter 200 degree's bake box inside solid hit solid roast on 4 individual hours.

Workshop actual operate skill art

One table lie style lathe's hydraulic three claw chuck, clamp hold diameter 80 millimeter's round bar. Pressure meter pointer adjust to 2.8 MPa, claw dead dead bite hold 20 millimeter long's clamp head eat knife position. Clamp get too light, cut force reach 2000 Newtons's time wait material will slide escape; clamp get too heavy, tube shape part inside hole be hard live live press deform shape 0.05 millimeter.

Meet to long diameter ratio exceed 4's fine long shaft, single rely chuck root base pull not stop. One root diameter 40 millimeter, long 200 millimeter's material, tail seat must top up return turn top needle. Tail seat sleeve tube's hydraulic push force set fix at 1.5 MPa, take work piece two heads stretch tight. Not use top needle force line turn, walk to middle space position material will produce 0.15 millimeter's yield knife bend curve.

Turn out come's outside round middle space rough two heads fine, become le individual waist drum. Install clamp search straight all rely hundred divide meter. Bring magnet force seat's hundred divide meter suck at machine tool guide rail on, measure head top with turn move's blank outside round. Master take purple copper hammer knock strike material most high point, straight arrive meter needle jump move amount control at 0.02 millimeter inside just dare lock tight.

Workshop custom language have speech: “Seven points prepare, three points operate.” Search straight lack one silk, do out come all is waste iron.

One handle 25 multiply 25 millimeter square handle's outside round turn knife, stretch out knife frame's length most many not can exceed 75 millimeter. Hang stretch exceed knife rod thickness's three times, cut time must fix produce high frequency shock move. Shock move bring out's sharp sharp whistle call sound can break through 90 decibel, work piece surface leave down one path path slant mark.

Face towards shock mark, must rely adjust whole main shaft rotate speed and eat knife amount. Rotate speed from 1000 revolutions drop to 850 revolutions, eat knife depth from 3 millimeter minus to 2.5 millimeter. Sound instant from pierce ear's sharp call turn become heavy dull's sand sand sound. Cut down come's iron chip turn become le C word shape, surface that layer shock mark also follow with pass lose get clean clean net net.

· Knife tip high degree must with work piece center align neat, error not exceed 0.1 millimeter

· Slant high 0.2 millimeter, eat knife anti force turn big, surface float white emit hair

· Slant low 0.2 millimeter, iron chip squeeze press knife face, extreme easy burst break knife tip

· Thread turn knife towards center all rely towards knife sample plate, stick solid pass light look crack gap

One root outside diameter 10 millimeter's plastic ten thousand direction water tube, spray nozzle face exact knife tip cut area straight up square. Water pump provide supply 0.2 MPa's pressure, emulsion liquid present umbrella shape pour at 600 degree high temperature's process point. Water pillar slight micro slant leave two centimeter, blade temperature rise high, bear use degree hit half fold.

Mill machine on use cooling liquid more ruthless. One handle diameter 16 millimeter's four edge hard nature alloy stand mill knife, just at whole trough mill cut deep 15 millimeter's key trough. Cut liquid spray mouth leave cut area only have 30 millimeter, flow amount open to every minute 15 liters. Rush go crack gap inside accumulate save's break iron chip, knife tooth just not will take cut down come's waste iron two times grind press.

Do drill hole work sequence, iron chip wrap wind is most thorn hand's question problem. Hit one individual deep 40 millimeter, diameter 12 millimeter's bottom hole. Operate worker hand inside take with gas gun, every isolate 10 seconds rush with hole mouth fierce blow one time. Gas pressure high reach 0.6 MPa's press shrink empty gas take emit out come's blue color spiral iron wire force line blow break.

Not blow gas let iron chip twist dead at hole inside, two seconds clock after 12 millimeter's drill head then will “pa” one sound twist break.

Hole mouth use 90 degree's counterbore drill hit out individual depth 1.5 millimeter's cone face. M8's thread tap follow with pour angle eat enter go, first tooth receive force not ordinary even uniform. Not pour angle's hole edge all is harden layer hair thorn, thread tap just bite enter go, cut torque then will fierce increase to 6 Newton·meters.

Number control lathe on batch amount process, knife tool wear lose compensate is every day all want adjust's data. Early on just change's whole new blade, turn out come's shaft diameter is 50.02 millimeter. Do to down noon two points, process finish 40 individual parts after. Use outside diameter thousand divide ruler measure one down, size slow slow rise to le 50.04 millimeter.

Rear knife face grind drop 0.02 millimeter, work piece outside diameter then rough le 0.04 millimeter. Operate member at machine tool face board on search arrive knife compensate boundary face. At X axis slant put inside input lose negative 0.04. Press start move key do down one individual piece, size steady steady return to 50.02 millimeter.

· Thousand divide ruler measure measure before must use standard pole school zero

· Surface roughness degree big than Ra 3.2, vernier caliper measure not out true real outside diameter

· Batch amount check measure use go stop gauge, pass end enter not go must change new knife

· Hole inside diameter check measure use inside diameter hundred divide meter, left right shake swing search most small reading

Process thin wall tube piece, clamp tight direction style thorough bottom turn le. Tube child outside diameter 60 millimeter, wall thick only have 3 millimeter. Use three claw chuck hard clamp, tube mouth stand horse be pinch become three angle shape. Workshop inside will lift front turn one individual bring cone degree's inside expand heart shaft.

Up knife cut, feed amount press low to every revolution 0.1 millimeter. Cut heat let thin wall piece rapid fast swell swell, outside diameter turn big 0.03 millimeter. Water cool tube follow up mad spray, knife tool cut finish retreat go after tube child one cooling. Size again shrink back go le 0.03 millimeter, dead dead stuck at drawing tolerance band's down edge edge.

Mill face's time wait work piece down face want pad parallel pad block. Two pieces thickness error not arrive 0.005 millimeter's precision fine pad block, pad at thickness 40 millimeter's steel plate bottom down. Tiger pliers clamp tight before, take one handle rubber hammer take steel plate towards down knock solid. Hear to knock strike sound turn get clear crisp bang hard, speak bright bottom part complete whole stick join le pad block.

Rough mill one knife pass go peel drop 3 millimeter's skin. Clamp tight force release put drop produce's material respond change, work piece two heads will towards up tilt rise 0.08 millimeter. Loose open tiger pliers repeat new clamp, clamp tight force minus small one half. Again use fine mill knife walk most back one knife 0.5 millimeter's allowance, flat neat degree proper proper stuck enter 0.02 millimeter.